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Treaty of The Hague (1641) : ウィキペディア英語版 | Treaty of The Hague (1641) The Treaty of The Hague of 1641 was a ten-year truce between the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Portugal. It was also a "Treaty of Offensive and Defensive Alliance" between the two countries. The treaty included a pledge to form a combined fleet to attack Spain. The truce, which was originally meant to apply to all of the territories of the two empires, was, in practice, limited to the European continent. ==Historical context== The Dutch declared their independence from the Habsburg king of Spain in 1579, which resulted in war. In 1580, the Iberian Union, which combined the crowns of Spain and Portugal, was formed. Subsequently, king Philip closed Portuguese ports to the Dutch and established a ban on trade between the Portuguese-Spanish colonies and the Dutch Republic. The Dutch attempted to restore the trade with the Portuguese colonies by occupying the northeast of Brazil and Angola, which led to conflicts between the Dutch Empire and the Iberian Union. In 1 December 1640, a revolution initiated in Lisbon by the Portuguese nobility and high bourgeoisie ended with the Iberian Union,〔(A Restauração: O Fim da União Ibérica e as Consequências para a Colônia )〕 leading to the ascension of John IV of Portugal to the Portuguese throne. In the same year, the Portuguese Restoration War began. John IV sent ambassadors to France, England, and the Dutch Republic, in the hope of forging partnerships with these countries in his fight against Spain.〔(Portugal History and Events - Fourth Dynasty )〕
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